There are three types of errors in the measurement of physical quantities. Which are as under:
Personal Error: -
Personal errors can occur due to the natural deficiencies of the experimenter. The error can arise due to an incorrect method of reading a scale. Placing the object in line with the scale of observation can minimize this type of error.
Systematic Error: -
systematic error refers to an effect that systematically influences all measurements of a particular quantity equally. It produces a consistent differences readings. It occurs to some difinite rule.
This error is due to the fault in the measuring instrument. This fault could be poor calibration of the scale on a ruler or a watch. The error may also arise due zero error between scales as in vernier callipers. This type of error can be checked to using more accurate set of instruments. A correction factor can be applied to systematic error.
Random Error: -
This type of error is said to occur when repeated measurements of the same quantity, give different values under the same conditions. The error can arise due to accidental changes in the experimental conditions such as the temperature, line voltage, humidity or other unknown causes.
Maintaining strict control conditions in the laboratory, repeating the measurement several times and taking an average can reduce the effect of random errors.
Personal Error: -
Personal errors can occur due to the natural deficiencies of the experimenter. The error can arise due to an incorrect method of reading a scale. Placing the object in line with the scale of observation can minimize this type of error.
Systematic Error: -
systematic error refers to an effect that systematically influences all measurements of a particular quantity equally. It produces a consistent differences readings. It occurs to some difinite rule.
This error is due to the fault in the measuring instrument. This fault could be poor calibration of the scale on a ruler or a watch. The error may also arise due zero error between scales as in vernier callipers. This type of error can be checked to using more accurate set of instruments. A correction factor can be applied to systematic error.
Random Error: -
This type of error is said to occur when repeated measurements of the same quantity, give different values under the same conditions. The error can arise due to accidental changes in the experimental conditions such as the temperature, line voltage, humidity or other unknown causes.
Maintaining strict control conditions in the laboratory, repeating the measurement several times and taking an average can reduce the effect of random errors.
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