There are so many examples of energies in which some examples are as under:
Internal Energy: -
The sum of vibrational kinetic energy and potential energy due to mutual attraction and repulsion between constituent particles of a substance is known as internal energy of the body. Due to work done against friction, internal energy and hence temperature of the body increases.
Heat or thermal energy: -
The kinetic energy of the constituent particles of a body due to their random motion is known as heat or thermal energy of the body. The difference between internal energy and heat is analogous to mechanical energy and work. When work is done by body A on body B, mechanical energy of body A decreases and that of body B increases. Similarly, when heat is transferred from body A to body B, internal energy of body A decreases and that of body B increases.
Chemical energy: -
A stable compound has energy less than its constituent elements in free state. This difference is known as chemical energy or chemical binding energy. In a chemical reaction, if the chemical energy of the products is less than that of the reactants, heat is evolved and the reaction is called exothermic. Here, chemical energy got converted into heat energy. Similarly, if the chemical energy of the products is more than that of the reactants, heat is absorbed and the reaction is called endothermic. Here, heat energy got converted into chemical energy.
Electrical energy: -
The energy associated with electric current is known as electrical energy. When electric current is used in a heater, electrical energy is converted into heat energy. Similarly, in a lamp, it is converted into heat and light energy.
Nuclear energy -:
The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons in free state. The energy equivalent to this mass difference is known as nuclear energy or nuclear binding energy. In a nuclear fission reaction, when heavy nuclei like uranium are bombarded by neutrons, they break up into smaller nuclei releasing huge amount of nuclear energy. Such reactions are used in nuclear reactors for producing power and in atomic weapons. In the Sun and stars, nuclear fusion reaction occurs in which lighter nuclei like protons, deuteron fuse at high temperature to form a helium nucleus releasing huge amount of energy. At the microscopic level, all different forms of energy are in the form of potential and /or kinetic energy.
Equivalence of mass and energy: -
Albert Einstein gave an equation for inter-conversion of mass and energy as under. E = mc2,
where c = 3 × 108 m /s is the velocity of light in vacuum.
Conservation of energy:-
“The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.” This is the statement of law of conservation of energy. One form of energy may get converted into another form or energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. The universe is an isolated system and so the total energy of the universe remains constant.
Internal Energy: -
The sum of vibrational kinetic energy and potential energy due to mutual attraction and repulsion between constituent particles of a substance is known as internal energy of the body. Due to work done against friction, internal energy and hence temperature of the body increases.
Heat or thermal energy: -
The kinetic energy of the constituent particles of a body due to their random motion is known as heat or thermal energy of the body. The difference between internal energy and heat is analogous to mechanical energy and work. When work is done by body A on body B, mechanical energy of body A decreases and that of body B increases. Similarly, when heat is transferred from body A to body B, internal energy of body A decreases and that of body B increases.
Chemical energy: -
A stable compound has energy less than its constituent elements in free state. This difference is known as chemical energy or chemical binding energy. In a chemical reaction, if the chemical energy of the products is less than that of the reactants, heat is evolved and the reaction is called exothermic. Here, chemical energy got converted into heat energy. Similarly, if the chemical energy of the products is more than that of the reactants, heat is absorbed and the reaction is called endothermic. Here, heat energy got converted into chemical energy.
Electrical energy: -
The energy associated with electric current is known as electrical energy. When electric current is used in a heater, electrical energy is converted into heat energy. Similarly, in a lamp, it is converted into heat and light energy.
Nuclear energy -:
The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons in free state. The energy equivalent to this mass difference is known as nuclear energy or nuclear binding energy. In a nuclear fission reaction, when heavy nuclei like uranium are bombarded by neutrons, they break up into smaller nuclei releasing huge amount of nuclear energy. Such reactions are used in nuclear reactors for producing power and in atomic weapons. In the Sun and stars, nuclear fusion reaction occurs in which lighter nuclei like protons, deuteron fuse at high temperature to form a helium nucleus releasing huge amount of energy. At the microscopic level, all different forms of energy are in the form of potential and /or kinetic energy.
Equivalence of mass and energy: -
Albert Einstein gave an equation for inter-conversion of mass and energy as under. E = mc2,
where c = 3 × 108 m /s is the velocity of light in vacuum.
Conservation of energy:-
“The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.” This is the statement of law of conservation of energy. One form of energy may get converted into another form or energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. The universe is an isolated system and so the total energy of the universe remains constant.
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